Which of the following best describes wishful thinking in decision-making?

Wishful thinking in decision-making refers to a cognitive bias where individuals make decisions based on their desires and hopes rather than realistic assessments of the situation. When someone engages in wishful thinking, they tend to overlook critical information or negative outcomes, focusing instead on what they hope will happen. This can lead to an unrealistic assessment of circumstances, ultimately delaying necessary decisions and averting confrontation with the real challenges at hand.

In this context, the correct choice indicates that wishful thinking hinders effective decision-making by preventing individuals from recognizing and addressing the reality of their situation. By relying on optimistic fantasies rather than facts, clients may postpone important steps that are crucial for making informed decisions about their financial or personal matters, thereby delaying progress and solutions to their issues.

The other options either misrepresent the essence of wishful thinking or its outcomes. For instance, the notion that it accelerates the decision-making process contradicts the inherent procrastination often associated with wishful thinking. Similarly, the idea that it helps clients face their realities or encourages practical actions fundamentally misunderstands the tendency of wishful thinking to foster avoidance and denial rather than empowerment or realism.